S.1109: A bill to increase funding for the National Institutes of Health to carry out breast cancer research and to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to extend for 6 months the eligibility period for the "Welcome to Medicare" physical examination and to eliminate coinsurance for screening mammography and colorectal cancer screening tests in order to promote the early detection of cancer.

Breast Cancer Research and Screening Act of 2007 - Authorizes appropriations to the National Institutes of Health for FY2008 for breast cancer research under the Public Health Service Act.

Amends title XVIII (Medicare) of the Social Security Act to: (1) extend the eligibility period for a "Welcome to Medicare" physical examination from six months to one year; and (2) eliminate the 20% coinsurance for screening mammography and colorectal cancer screening tests.